![]() It is not clear if tannic acid exerts its effect solely as a primary repellent or whether it also has secondary repellent effects. Tannic acid has some efficacy as a bird repellent, and is not repellent to possums and rats at lower concentrations. Ortho-aminoacetophenone appears effective as a bird repellent, but its repellency for possums and rats requires clarification. The little information found suggested that garlic oil was repellent to birds it has not been formally tested on possums and rats, but anecdotal evidence did not suggest strong aversion. Cinnamamide, caffeine, and thiram, while effective as bird repellents, are likely to be repellent to rats at concentrations suitable for use with native birds, including kea. Cinnamamide, tannic acid, caffeine, garlic oil, ortho-aminoacetophenone, and thiram were identified as possible candidates and evaluated in relation to their potential to repel native birds from eating cereal baits without affecting efficacy for possums and rats. A further constraint was the lack of information for many compounds on response of rodents and possums. Most of the information reviewed related to use of repellents for crop protection where the aim is to reduce economic loss rather than prevent feeding on the crop, whereas preventing feeding is the primary aim for native bird protection. While research to stabilise d-pulegone in bait remains an option, a review of alternative compounds was undertaken to assist with decision-making about future directions for research, including consideration of possible formulation issues and cost. Initial trials of d-pulegone and anthraquinone were not wholly successful, with the former having poor stability in bait and the latter reducing bait uptake by rats. ![]() More broadly, the difference in learning abilities associated with trigeminal repellents and those commonly responsible for conditioned avoidance learning have implications for the structure of chemical defenses of fruits and the prevention of untimely frugivory.Ĭoncern about non-target risks to native birds, particularly kea (Nestor notabilis), from aerial poisoning has prompted the evaluation of potential repellent compounds that could be incorporated into the cereal pellet bait used for possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and rat (Rattus spp.) control. While trigeminal irritants can be powerful repellents, the absence of associative learning for these repellents will influence the application strategy for formulation and use. Moreover, starlings fail to learn to avoid the odor of the repellents, even after direct oral contact with liquid repellent. Starlings are not repelled by the odor of the compounds, nor is olfaction important in the avoidance response. The trigeminal nerve codes for chemical irritation and pain. Avoidance is an unlearned response most likely mediated via chemically sensitive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. ![]() Birds, and in particular European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), avoid consumption of fluid and food treated with the natural plant products, methyl anthranilate and o-aminoacetophenone. ![]()
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Up to 30 percent better virtual machine performance (Windows): Running a virtual machine (VM) of Windows 10 on ARM Insider Preview on Parallels Desktop 16.5 on an M1 Mac performs up to 30 percent better than a Windows 10 VM running on Intel-based MacBook Pro with Intel Core i9 processor.Īll the goodness of Parallels Desktop 16 for Mac has now been re-engineered for the Apple M1 chip, including Coherence Mode, Touch Bar controls, Shared Profile, Mac keyboard layouts, macOS Big Sur in a VM, and more.Īll editions of Parallels Desktop 16.5 update for Mac support both M1 and Intel Mac computers (Standard Edition, Pro Edition, and Business Edition), the company clarified.Up to 60 percent better DirectX 11 performance: Parallels Desktop 16.5 running on an M1 Mac delivers up to 60 percent better DirectX 11 performance than on an Intel-based MacBook Pro with Radeon Pro 555X GPU.Resolves an issue with Mac applications having black icons in Windows. This is because currently, adjusting the configuration of such a virtual machine is only possible by editing a configuration file inside the virtual machine package. This update for Parallels Desktop 13 for Mac 13.3.2 (43368) addresses overall stability and performance issues, and includes the following fixes and improvements: Resolves an issue with the mouse pointer getting stuck in macOS virtual machines. Up to 250 percent less energy used: On a Mac with an Apple M1 chip, Parallels Desktop 16.5 uses 2.5 times less energy than on a 2020 Intel-based MacBook Air computer. If you are running a macOS Monterey 12 virtual machine on a Mac with Apple M series chip, you may notice a lack of cogwheel configuration icon.iOS 12 / 13 / 14 Untethered iCloud Bypass. The latest version of the popular virtual machine also features improved OpenGL support, with Parallels quick to highlight significant improvements in programs like SkethUp, CTVox, DIALux 8 and OriginLab. 3 using Checkra1n on Windows / Linux - INTEL / AMD based Processor PC or Laptop Supported. Parallels say that support for additional features will be tested and added as Mojave approaches public release. Parallels 14 also supports Dark Mode via MacOS Mojave. This time around, Parallels have streamlined the customization process, empowering users to easily and quickly create their own unique Touch Bar shortcuts. For more information, see the Parallels Desktop 13 for Mac documentation. The software now allows Mac users to utilise Microsoft Ink and Windows-virtual machines to further utilise the Touch Bar found in the new Mac Books. Parallels Desktop 13 for Mac is the simplest, most powerful solution for running Windows and Windows applications on Mac without rebooting. ![]() Like last year's Parallels 13, the new version of Parallels tries to blur the lines between Windows and Mac users. Below is the list of known issues we are working on with the available workarounds that we have tested in our lab. Parallels Engineering team is testing Parallels Desktop for Mac and other products with macOS 13 Ventura Beta to ensure full support of macOS 13 Ventura as soon as it is released. Up to 17% more FPS in Coherence View mode without re-partitioning Format and partition, then apply macOS High Sierra 10.13 with implicit conversion to APFS. Available Translations: Get updates Download.Up to 30% faster suspend operation on APFS partitions.Now, thanks to both a newly-engineered storage optimization process and a Free Up Disk Space tool, Snapshots in Parallels 14 take up 15% less disk space than they previously. Previously, a typical virtual machine can take up anywhere from 15GB to 100GB or more. This year, for the first time ever, we are bringing the two hottest features from Mac and Windows into one place via Parallels Desktop 13 for Mac, said Jack Zubarev. As always, the new Parallels comes with a raft of technical improvements. We are so happy to introduce Parallels Desktop 13 for Mac, a new version of Parallels Desktop for Mac Business Edition and of Parallels Desktop for Mac Pro Edition. You dont even have to do a separate installation of Parallel Tools, the drivers that typically are installed on the Intel. ![]() ![]() ![]() On Tuesday 4/3, day three of our trip east of Tucson with Mark, we drove to Bisbee to have breakfast and settled on the Bisbee Breakfast Club, which was quite good. We had a great evening of pesto spaghetti, salad, tall tales, bucket lists, quite a few margaritas and a wonderful fire to knock the chill off-or so was the idea. Then it was back to the campsite where the temperature went even lower, but the wind died down. We named this one “Half Scalped US Soldier”Īfter that we hiked about 500 ft up another trail to a fire lookout that took us to an incredible overlook at about 7300 ft.Įrosion gradually formed the incredible rock formations in the canyons below We also hiked the Massai Point Nature Trail from which vantage point much of the most interesting rock formations in the monument can be seen. Beyond the ranch and up the canyon the monument unfolded as gorgeous rock formations. It is a very interesting place steeped in history as portrayed by an excellent volunteer guide who gave a tour of the Far Away Ranch, a dude ranch that functioned for over sixty years until the early 1970’s. Nevertheless, after a cold windy breakfast we drove further east to Chiricahua National Monument where we spent the day. Talk about swings in weather-by evening it was cold and very, very windy at the campground, so much so we decided it unsafe to build a fire or even celebrate that we had been on the road for one month! On Monday 4/2 we woke up to the same windy conditions and during the entire day it never got above 50 degrees F! It seemed pretty hot, and indeed at 91 degrees F, it was a record breaker for that day! On Sunday 4/1 the three of us headed out in the van to Cochise Stronghold campground on U.S. On Saturday Mark and I did a bunch of things on the van that needed work with some of his tools and two set of hands. Our gracious hosts put up with us for five days camped in back of their house with a two night trip to break up our stay to some cool sites east of Tucson with Mark. We arrived in Tucson in the late afternoon and went directly to good friends Samantha and Mark’s house to visit, schmooze and find out what to see starting with a fabulous patio dinner. It made our almost one month on the road seem kind of puny compared to their adventure! There, we met Gordon and Marilyn from Victoria who we invited to our table and who were traveling in their VW Westfalia van for the fifth month of a planned six month trip around the southwest. We had a chorizo omelet with cholla buds, a cheese, green chile and cholla bud omelet, chia fruit salad and mesquite flour cookie-wow! The café is run by the Tohono O’odham and is a must see/eat place. On the recommendation of Nancy, tour guide at Organ Pipe, we stopped in Sells about half way to Tucson for breakfast at the Desert Rain Café. We left Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in the morning of Friday 3/30 and headed east toward Tucson on highway 86. ![]() ![]() To avoid this from foiling your mood or even your rapport, you can disable the feature by default from within the hidden settings inside Firefox. ![]() Often websites play audio and video content without seeking your permission first and while this can be annoying, it can also have damaging repercussion at times. Once done, whenever you click on a link to open in a new tab, it will be opened at the end of the bar. To open new links at the end of the bar, type in the search bar and set its value to “ false”. However, what if you prefer to open new links at the end of the bar? Although it completely depends on your preference, but opening links at the end of bar could be a better option if you don’t like new tabs getting between tabs you are currently working on. This will disable all the animations during closing/opening tabs, main menu, notifications and other areas where animations are prominent.īy default, Firefox opens links in a new tab next to the current one, which is fine. There will be multiple settings to tweak, just set all the options to “ False” by double-clicking on each one. You need to type “ animate” in the search bar to see all the options to disable animations. It’s a tweak worth making if your Firefox browser seems slower. Of course, it will remove all the cool animations but it will make navigation much faster. Well, you can disable Firefox animations to make things snappier. However, these smooth transitions can also result in a little lag. Although, it will only work inside the Firefox browser.įirefox comes with animations to make transitions look cooler. Now you can simply press the middle mouse button to paste content copied to the clipboard. Type middlemouse.paste and double-click on the setting that shows up to set it to “ true”. you can still automatically scroll pages. Best of all, it will not override the current function of the middle mouse button, i.e. In Firefox, you can set the middle mouse button to work as the paste command to quickly paste anything from the clipboard. Right-clicking in a text field and selecting “Paste” isn’t the fastest option, and reaching for the keyboard to press Ctrl+V is a chore as well. Now all auto refreshing websites won’t refresh and you can browse with ease. ![]() Type accessibility.blockautorefresh in the search bar and double-click on it to set it to “ true”. Thankfully, Firefox makes it easier to halt auto refresh. Additionally, refreshing web pages also eat up your precious bandwidth, definitely a concern if you have a limited data package. However, this is a really annoying from the user perspective, as the refresh takes 2-3 seconds. Some websites auto refresh web pages whenever they are updated or just to get more ad impressions. You can set to any other numeral to unmap the backspace key. The numeric value will be ‘0’ by default and you can set it to ‘1’ to use the backspace key as Page Up (and Shift+Backspace for Page Down). On the matching option that appears on the list, either right-click and select “Modify” or just double-click to modify the settings. Some web page features such as buttons that change when they're clicked or images with zoom capabilities may not work properly while others may not work at all.To change the action of the backspace button, type “ browser.backspace_action” inside the search bar of the settings page. If you have JavaScript disabled, most of what makes these websites work won't load in your Firefox browser. The use of JavaScript on your Firefox browser is virtually crucial because it enables the best use of modern websites such as Gmail, Facebook, YouTube, and more. What happens if I disable JavaScript on Mozilla Firefox? If the "javascript.enabled" is set to "true," then your JavaScript is working correctly. Type in "javascript" into this search bar. As you type this, every JavaScript-based setting appear. On clicking the "Accept the Risk and Continue" button, a search feature will appear. To do that, simply input "about:config" into the Address Bar of your Firefox browser and press the Enter key on your keyboard. Next, accept the warning about changing advanced settings by clicking the "I'll be careful, I promise" button. On Mozilla Firefox, JavaScript is enabled by default, but you can check it reasonably quickly to verify if it is working correctly. How do I know if JavaScript is working on Mozilla Firefox? In fact, it should only take you only a minute or so to complete. Enabling JavaScript in your Firefox browser is an easy process. It powers most of the dynamic features you see on web pages, including button clicks, navigations, and form submissions. ![]() JavaScript is a popular programming language that's essential for modern websites to function correctly on Mozilla Firefox. Why do I need JavaScript enabled on Mozilla Firefox? ![]() ![]() That’s why the potential 18 months of KERA assistance is so vital to alleviating households’ financial burdens while unlocking home for our essential workers and their families. I’m able to remain in my home to rest and recover so I can eventually get back to work.”įor many Kansans, recovering from the monetary strain of mounting bills, along with past-due rent and utilities, can be nearly impossible. This is why I am beyond grateful for the rental and utility assistance provided by KERA. “Meanwhile, most of my income goes to a stack of medical bills, pain management, medical insurance, and past-due bills. “Back and neck surgery will be inevitable for me in the future,” she says. Eligible households can also now request a $900 lump sum in internet assistance.īecause of an increase in medical bills, this Topeka worker will still be able to receive additional KERA funding now that household financial hardships aren’t required to be COVID-19-related. New KERA guidelines allow eligible households that have suffered a financial hardship at any time during the pandemic to receive up to 18 months of rental and utility assistance, an increase from the previous 15-month maximum. It’s been especially challenging to cope financially while also enduring COVID-19 twice.” Even with the short-term leave benefits, health workers barely receive sufficient funds to support themselves, let alone enough to support a family. The injury has forced me to go on short-term disability leave from my job. She says, “I’ve been a frontline medical worker for almost nine years however, I suffered a work injury that has left me with irreversible damage to my entire spine. KERA support allowed one medical worker in Topeka to stay at home while recovering from an injury so she could do just that. And when those frontline workers become sick or injured, we all count on them to get back on their feet. Since the pandemic began, frontline and essential workers have provided invaluable services to keep Kansans healthy. Through continued ARPA funding, KERA remains available to eligible households. In a year’s time, the KERA program has disbursed more than $132 million to keep 18,449 families safely and affordably housed through the pandemic. In March of 2021, The American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) was passed by congress, and the Kansas Emergency Rental Assistance (KERA) program also opened to serve tenant households that had fallen behind on rent and utilities due to a financial hardship. ![]() ![]() She tries to continue about her life after this and she tries to contact Aled again but he doesn't reply. She doesn't get in, and she feels like all the work she's put in to get to this point has been for nothing and that her entire life has been a waste. Aled decides to go straight back to uni again because he can't stand to be near her, and before he goes he tells Frances about a time when his twin sister Carys had bought some clothes that she was really excited about and his mum burned them in front of her.įrances receives a letter from Cambridge University a while later. Frances manages to convince him to come and stay at her house for Christmas, but when he arrives he goes over the road to talk to his mum and discovers that she has had Brian, Aled's Labrador, put down. She saves a box of a few leftover things and then at home for the first time in months, she tries calling Aled, and this time he actually picks up. ![]() ![]() ![]() It's the Christmas holiday so she goes over to Aled's house across the street to see when he's coming home for Christmas, but his mum informs her that he's decided to stay at the university over the break, then shows Frances up to Aled's room, which she has stripped of all its decoration and all the things that made the room feel like Aled's, which Frances is horrified by. When Daniel finishes his interview the two talk for a bit about Aled and Daniel tells Frances about how their relationship started and the fact that he doesn't think Aled ever really liked him that much.įrances had stopped listening to Universe City for a while after Aled left, but after the interviews, she starts listening to one just to see what it's like and when she hears how incoherent and chaotic the latest episode is, she becomes more seriously concerned about Aled's well-being. It's only when Frances is in the middle of her interview that she realizes that she doesn't actually care about studying English Literature and it all goes horribly. On the day of Frances' and Daniel's Cambridge interviews, their friend Raine skips school to drive them, and they all reflect on the purpose of the education system and on why Aled might be refusing to talk to them. Aled goes away to university and cuts off contact with Frances and with his boyfriend Daniel. When Aled's identity as the creator of Universe City is uncovered by obsessive fans as a result of mistakes made by Frances, their friendship falls apart. At the same time, Frances begins to doubt how much Aled actually wants to go to university September and question her own reasons for working so hard for school. Over the summer when Frances has just left year 12 and Aled year 13, they become close friends and bond with their similar tastes in clothes, TV shows, films and enthusiasm for Universe City. This changes her life because (spoiler alert), she soon realizes that this mysterious creator, the anonymous "Radio Silence", is, in fact, Aled Last, the boy who has lived across the street her entire life. The novel begins when one day, Frances receives a message from the creator of Universe City asking her to become the new Universe City artist. This is just School Frances though - Real Frances is a massive fangirl who spends all her time (when she's not doing homework) drawing fanart for a fantasy YouTube podcast called Universe City. Frances works very hard at school, is head girl and has her sights set on studying English Literature at Cambridge University, which means that she has a reputation for being clever, sensible and boring. The book is told from Frances' perspective as she lives through A Levels. ![]() To confess why Carys really disappeared.įrances is going to need every bit of courage she has." Plot Now Frances knows that she needs to confront her past. So when the fragile trust between them is broken, Frances is caught between who she was and who she longs to be. Then Frances meets Aled, and for the first time, she's unafraid to be herself. Nothing will stand in her way not friends, not a guilty secret - not even the person she is on the inside. " What if everything you set yourself up to be was wrong?įrances is a study machine with one goal. ![]() ![]() From poison swamps to cursed kings, The Lands Between is fascinating and fearsome. Martin and Hidetaka Miyazaki - and you'll never want to leave it. Platform(s): PC, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series XĮlden Ring introduces you to a breathtakingly beautiful world filled with bizarre, twisted lore that's the result of a collab between George R. This only makes every decision more difficult, which is the mark of a great RPG: the ability to make you sweat with anxiety over a superficially innocuous dialogue option. Brilliant voice acting coupled with cracking writing and surprisingly deft facial animations means you're going to be picking favorites and picking them fast. Sure, this game asks you to do a lot of talking in order to get to the best, cystipig-meatiest bits it has to offer, but almost every conversation you have with the denizens of Halcyon will delight you in some way. The Outer Worlds feels like Firefly and Mass Effect had a neon space baby and you are the caretaker of its future – no pressure. The Outer Worlds is a game that lets Obsidian show off its best talent: making RPGs with great dialogue, engaging characters, and a world that drags you in and never lets you go. The ending will linger with you long after and make you want to go back and get whatever extra info you can. Pick what chip is installed in your metal head and swap them in and out as needed, depending on the enemies you're facing - add that to one of four weapons in your arsenal and you'll have an ever-changing flurry of devastating combos at your disposal. The dazzling combat is split between three crazy sexy cool android protagonists who twirl and flip in hypnotic ways - and while its fun to hack and slash away at enemies with the quiet fury of a robot, the game really shines when you start customizing those robotic elements. There's hack and slash, there's shoot 'em up, there's text adventures, there's RPG elements – Nier: Automata has it all, and in spades. ![]() Platform(s): PC, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X, Nintendo SwitchĬome for the soundtrack, stay for the silky smooth combat and a pitch-perfect blend of genres. ![]() ![]() The capability to open, analyse and edit two or more datasets concurrently.Easy data import from spreadsheets, text files and database sources.Inter-operability with Gnumeric, LibreOffice, OpenOffice.Org and other free software.A choice of text, postscript, pdf, opendocument or html output formats.A choice of terminal or graphical user interface.Syntax and data files which are compatible with those of SPSS.We also made available a page with screenshots and sample output. You can use PSPP with its graphical interface or the more traditional syntax commandsĪ brief list of some of the PSPP's features follows below. Its backend is designed to perform its analyses as fast as possible, regardless of the size of the input data. PSPP is a statistical analysis tool developed to be a free, open-source alternative to SPSS (which is now developed by IBM). It can perform descriptive statistics, T-tests, anova, linear and logistic regression, measures of association, cluster analysis, reliability and factor analysis, non-parametric tests and more. PSPP is a stable and reliable application. It has the data and variable view tabs, and has an almost identical. There are no additional packages to purchase in order to get "advanced" functions all functionality that PSPP currently supports is in the core package PSPP is a free alternative to the propriety program SPSS. Neither are there any artificial limits on the number of cases or variables which you can use. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no "time bombs" your copy of PSPP will not "expire" or deliberately stop working in the future. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions It can be used to figure out potential costs savings or organize data in order to make better.GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. SPSS is a collection of data and predictive analytics tools for business and statistical programmers. IBM SPSS Available for: windows mac linux unix java See detailed product rating and read or post comments PSPP also produces histograms and a variety of charts to make your results attractive and understandable for presentation. You have a choice of formats for your output and graphics including PDF, HTML and ASCII. No matter what type of computer you have or which operating system you are using, PSPP is likely to be compatible. You can also export files in portable, system and ASCII format. ![]() Like SPSS, it's simple to import data from other sources such as text files or spreadsheets. You can operate it with Open Office, Gnumeric and other open source software you may be using. PSPP's data files and syntax are compatible with SPSS and it supports over a billion variables and cases. You can use the graphical interface or, if you prefer, syntax commands. It is a fast running package no matter how large or small the input data happens to be. Get your Kindle here, or download a FREE Kindle Reading App. Like SPSS, PSPP can be used for non-parametric tests, descriptive statistics and more. Buy GNU PSPP Reference Manual: GNU PSPP Statistical Analysis Software by Team, Gnuu Pspp. ![]() PSPP doesn't impose limits on the variables you use and you don't have to acquire different versions in order to access advanced functions. PPSSPP is an emulator for Sonys first handheld console, the PSP (PlayStation. PSPP is an alternative to SPSS, a program used to analyze data. A PSP emulator capable of playing games in HD. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Full Version Teorex iResizer 3.x For Free. Install Teorex iResizer Setup (Trial) Use Below Provided Serial Numbers To Activate. This application posses the most powerful tools, amazing features as well as exceptional techniques that makes it an ideal choice as a content aware image resizing software.Ĭompatibility: macOS 10.9 or later 64-bit Teorex iResizer 3.0 is one of the most efficient and widely used application all over the world in the field of image resizing and software re scaling.This is difficult because uninstalling this manually takes some know-how related to PCs. IResizer 3.0 is a program marketed by teorex.Completely non-technical Teorex Iresizer 3.0 Portable. ![]() Fit entire photos on Instagram without cropping.Change the spacing between main objects.Match the aspect ratio of your photos and your prints.If you prefer not to receive emails of this kind, you may unsubscribe here. The full command line for uninstalling Teorex iResizer 3.0 RePack is C:Program FilesTeorexiResizerunins000.exe. Rescale Photos Without Distorting the Subject!Įxcellent app to edit my photos. WilliamĬhange the distance between objects in an imageĬhange image aspect ratio without distortion #Teorex iresizer full IResizer allows you to "adjust" the aspect ratio of a photo. Change your image from 4:3 ratio to 16:9 with a few easy clicks. Remove objects from image like you'd fold a paper photo You don't need any precise editing just mark both objects you want to pull closer together, set the desired resolution and enjoy a spectacular result! iResizer modifies the image so that it retains the natural colors and quality of the original! To preserve important objects, simply select them and run the resizing feature - the rest is done automatically.ĭo you have photos where the main subjects/objects are separated by too much empty space? With iResizer you can adjust the composition so that both subjects/objects are pulled next to each other! It gently "folds" the picture making unnecessary spacing go away. The latest version of the program is supported on PCs running Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10, both 32 and 64-bit. ![]() With iResizer you can remove people, background items and unwanted landscape objects from your photos. iResizer Scale an image without changing important visual content such as people, buildings, animals. This program is a product of Maxim Gapchenko. The most frequent installation filenames for the program are: iResizer.exe and Teorex iResizer.exe etc. The current setup file available for download requires 8.3 MB of hard disk space. Get all the best deals that Teorex has to offer right here on BitsDuJour. This application modifies your image so that undesired objects are overlapped by other parts of the photo. #Teorex iresizer updateĬlick quick, these discounts don't last long, and we update daily We have deals on BatchInpaint, FolderIco, Inpaint, iResizer, PhotoScissors, PhotoStitcher. If you Follow Teorex, you'll get emails when deals go live Visit the Teorex website. This is just like you'd fold a paper photo, but with digital images. Thanks to our smart editing technology, the final resized photo looks completely natural, while the process doesn't require any special skills!Īdd to your contact list to ensure that you receive our e-mails in your inbox. ![]() ![]() ![]() Importantly for our goal, techniques such as the intermodal preferential looking paradigm have been developed to systematically test young language learners’ knowledge of words, syntactic structure, and semantic roles (Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff, 1996 Bergelson and Swingley, 2012 Noble et al., 2011). The main takeaway of these studies is that language learning is much more effective in a social, conversational setting than by passively watching videos (Kuhl et al., 2003 Anderson and Pempek, 2005 Robb et al., 2009), but learning does happen in such contexts. There are many studies on young children learning language by watching videos see Vanderplank ( 2010) for a survey. ![]() Speakers often mention concepts that are not present in the immediate perceptual context, or talk about events that are remote in space and/or time (for example past experiences or future plans). Firstly, speech is only loosely coupled with the visual modality in naturalistic settings (Matusevych et al., 2013 Beekhuizen et al., 2013). Commonly used training data consist of images or videos paired with spoken descriptions of the scene depicted: However, the type of input that a language learner receives from the environment is much more challenging. ![]() Current approaches work well enough from an applied point of view, but most are not generalizable to real-life situations that humans or adaptive artificial agents experience. Despite the weak and confounded signal in this training data, our model succeeds at learning aspects of the visual semantics of spoken language.Īttempts to model or simulate the acquisition of spoken language via grounding in the visual modality date to the beginning of this century (Roy and Pentland, 2002) but have gained momentum recently with the revival of neural networks (e.g., Synnaeve et al., 2014 Harwath and Glass, 2015 Harwath et al., 2016 Chrupała et al., 2017 Alishahi et al., 2017 Harwath et al., 2018 Merkx et al., 2019 Havard et al., 2019a Rouditchenko et al., 2021 Khorrami and Räsänen, 2021 Peng and Harwath, 2022). We train a simple bi-modal architecture on the portion of the data consisting of dialog between characters, and evaluate on segments containing descriptive narrations. Here we address this shortcoming by using a dataset based on the children’s cartoon Peppa Pig. In the real world the coupling between the linguistic and the visual modality is loose, and often confounded by correlations with non-semantic aspects of the speech signal. Such a setup guarantees an unrealistically strong correlation between speech and the visual data. A major unresolved issue from the point of ecological validity is the training data, typically consisting of images or videos paired with spoken descriptions of what is depicted. Recent computational models of the acquisition of spoken language via grounding in perception exploit associations between spoken and visual modalities and learn to represent speech and visual data in a joint vector space. ![]() |